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Index of programming

Programming languages
C / C++
Citect
Java
Pascal
Basic
VeraStream

Databases
Oracle
PostgreSQL
MySQL

Items
Comparison between languages
Abbreviations

Markup languages
HTML
XML

Scripting languages
Javascript
PHP
Perl

Tools for programming
UML

Available own software
BTag text conversion
RTF to HTML conversion


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C / C++
What is C / C++? C is a programming language to make low level programs with maximum speed with less overhead C++ is object-oriented C and more automated inclusion of code More Inside links: Comparison with other languages (substring) Text conversion in C++ Download sources now: contact me To get: Block text searcher, searching of lines and/or more lines that can be expressed by coding in a file. Difficulty to learn for C: ** +++ Difficulty to learn for C++: * +++ List of Codes More about differences in C++ for C programmers C++ is an Object Oriented language that means it has the 3 OOP properties Encapsulation by using public, protected and private See below** Inheritance and overloading Polyformism, more functions with the same name can exist in the same class but with different properties For the use of OOP C++ uses the new element class. (Java uses the element Class) A class can have functions and properties. There are several versions of C++ and finals versions have also: Templates, functions can have type-independent properties Operator overloading A different kind of language than C would use expressions C++ is a more 4 GL code. Much code cannot directly compiled to machine code (like C) and some code (pointers / calls) are changed during run-time.

C / C++

What is C / C++?
C is a programming language to make low level programs with maximum speed with less overhead
C++ is object-oriented C and more automated inclusion of code More

Inside links:

Comparison with other languages (substring)
Text conversion in C++

Download sources now: contact me
To get: Block text searcher, searching of lines and/or more lines that can be expressed by coding in a file.
Difficulty to learn for C: **** +++
Difficulty to learn for C++: ***** +++
List of Codes

More about differences in C++ for C programmers

C++ is an Object Oriented language that means it has the 3 OOP properties

Encapsulation by using public, protected and private See below
Inheritance and overloading
Polyformism, more functions with the same name can exist in the same class but with different properties

For the use of OOP C++ uses the new element class. (Java uses the element Class)
A class can have functions and properties.
There are several versions of C++ and finals versions have also:

Templates, functions can have type-independent properties
Operator overloading
A different kind of language than C would use expressions

C++ is a more 4 GL code. Much code cannot directly compiled to machine code (like C) and some code (pointers / calls) are changed during run-time.


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Citect
What is Citect? Citect is a non object oriented programming language to use for an application which will run under MicroSoft Windows platforms and the application is able to use several databases by ODBC. The code is held in its own datastructures (kind of tables). Citect can be a beginners language. Citect is a SCADA platform, it can connect to several communication protocols. See also: Citect.com List of Codes Special functions When Citect is running it has tables in memory which can accessed by the following functions: RdbOpen : Opens a memory device and returns a handle to it RdbClose : Closes a memory device RdbFirstRec / RdbNextRec / RdbPrevRec / RdbLastRec : Moves through the records RdbNoRec : Gives the recordnumber RdbSizeRec : Gives the amount of records Example: FUNCTION UsersToTrace() INT hRDB; INT iRec; hRDB = RdbOpen("_Users"); iRec = RdbFirstRec(hRdb); WHILE iRec <> -1 DO TraceMsg(IntToStr(iRec)+":"+RdbGet(hRdb,"Name"); iRec = RdbNextRec(hRdb); END RdbClose(hRdb); END This tables are READONLY Uses in product: AquaConnect

Citect

What is Citect?
Citect is a non object oriented programming language to use for an application which will run under MicroSoft Windows platforms and the application is able to use several databases by ODBC.
The code is held in its own datastructures (kind of tables).
Citect can be a beginners language.
Citect is a SCADA platform, it can connect to several communication protocols.
See also: Citect.com
List of Codes

Special functions
When Citect is running it has tables in memory which can accessed by the following functions:
RdbOpen : Opens a memory device and returns a handle to it
RdbClose : Closes a memory device
RdbFirstRec / RdbNextRec / RdbPrevRec / RdbLastRec : Moves through the records
RdbNoRec : Gives the recordnumber
RdbSizeRec : Gives the amount of records

Example:
FUNCTION UsersToTrace()
  INT hRDB;
  INT iRec;
  hRDB = RdbOpen("_Users");
  iRec = RdbFirstRec(hRdb);
  WHILE iRec <> -1 DO
    TraceMsg(IntToStr(iRec)+":"+RdbGet(hRdb,"Name");
    iRec = RdbNextRec(hRdb);
  END
  RdbClose(hRdb);
END
This tables are READONLY
Uses in product: AquaConnect


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Java
What is Java? Java is a object oriented programming language to use for an application which will run under several platforms and the application is able to use several databases. The code is held in its own datastructures (kind of tables) so it is multi-platform. Java is not meant for a beginners language, because of its multiple words and notations. Difficulty to learn: ***** ++ Links to java sites

Java

What is Java?
Java is a object oriented programming language to use for an application which will run under several platforms and the application is able to use several databases.
The code is held in its own datastructures (kind of tables) so it is multi-platform.
Java is not meant for a beginners language, because of its multiple words and notations.
Difficulty to learn: ***** ++
Links to java sites


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SuperNova / VeraStream
What is Super Nova / VeraStream? SuperNova now named VeraStream is a programming language for making three tiered application which will run under several platforms with several databases. The code is held in its own datastructures (kind of tables) so it is multi-platform. And YES, it is a simple coding language which easily can be distributed. The language is object oriented although encapsulation is held in a different way. Polyformism is now called dynamic inheritance. To get: Templates for Rapid Application Development or for less coding SuperNova's new name is VeraStream since WRQ bought it. Difficulty to learn: ** +++

SuperNova / VeraStream

What is Super Nova / VeraStream?
SuperNova now named VeraStream is a programming language for making three tiered application which will run under several platforms with several databases.
The code is held in its own datastructures (kind of tables) so it is multi-platform.
And YES, it is a simple coding language which easily can be distributed.
The language is object oriented although encapsulation is held in a different way. Polyformism is now called dynamic inheritance.
To get: Templates for Rapid Application Development or for less coding
SuperNova's new name is VeraStream since WRQ bought it.
Difficulty to learn: ** +++


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Visual Basic

A programming language from MicroSoft.
The first programlanguage ever made is BASIC, that's the language Bill Gates has invented and started his company MicroSoft.
Later on comes GW-BASIC and Quick-Basic.
When MS-Windows appears Visual Basic is developed.
Used to make Applications and works in other applications like Word, Excell, Access. That is called VBA.
Best to learn with VB for applications like Excell.
Difficulty to learn: *** ++
List of Codes


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Other languages
Pascal A language nowadays being replace by other languages. The language is good for learning programming. This was my second 3rd generation language I 've learned with the famous sheffield editor. Difficulty to learn: * ++ Basic A beginners language nowadays only used for specific controls as: Microcontrollers based on the MCS8051 Some favourite old games This was my first 3rd generation language I 've learned on a 256 kB system with MS-DOS. Difficulty to learn: ++ List of Codes

Other languages

Pascal
A language nowadays being replace by other languages. The language is good for learning programming. This was my second 3rd generation language I 've learned with the famous sheffield editor.
Difficulty to learn: *** ++
Basic
A beginners language nowadays only used for specific controls as:

Microcontrollers based on the MCS8051
Some favourite old games

This was my first 3rd generation language I 've learned on a 256 kB system with MS-DOS.
Difficulty to learn: ** ++
List of Codes


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Generations of program languages

First generation: Programming by coding in binary or hexadecimal numbers.
Second generation: Programming by assembly, the computer will replace the assemblycode with the binary code.
Third generation: Programming by a language, which the computer will replace to finally binary code. The language will at last produce an executable, and the computer can only run from that executable.
Fourth generation: Programming by a language, but the language have to be compiled and the computer needs another program to run the program. (Half interpreted) Source code is compiled to a kind of tables. In java it is called unicode. This kind of compilation makes a program platform independant.
Interpreter: A program which runs source code directly


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Comparison of program languages

If we look at the following code:
I like to go internet webbing.
Suppose we only interested the words after internet how can we program it

In VeraStream: with regular expressions
FIELD string char(30)
FIELD string2 char(30)
...
SET string 'I like to go internet webbing.'
SET string2 substring(find(string,"internet.*"),length('internet'),-1)

In C++: with strstr
char[30] string;
char *string2;
string="I like to go internet webbing.";
string2=strstr(string,"internet")+strlen("internet");
or in case of copying:
declare string2 as char[30] and program:
strcpy(string2,strstr(string,"internet")+strlen("internet"));

In Citect: with StrSearch and StrRight
STRING sString1 = "I like to go internet webbing.";
STRING sString2;
INT iPos;
iPos = StrSearch(0,sString1,"internet");
sString2 = StrRight(sString1,iPos,StrLength(sString1 - iPos));

In Java: with indexOf and substring
String string;
String string2;
String sstring;
string="I like to go internet webbing.";
sstring="internet";
int Index;
Index=string.indexOf(sstring);
if (Index!=-1)
{
string2=string.substring(Index+sstring.length(),string.length());
}


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Links for programmers

Interrupts
My favourite interrupt list


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Software and books
Interdata , Mensys , Idgbooks
Links of Java
Links of Javascript
Javascript newsgroup
news:comp.lang.javascript


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SuperNova/VeraStream
Homesite of makers for VeraStream
Visual Basic
Homesite Robin McKay
Citect
Citect Australia (headquarters)


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Network

Mostly networking is accomplished by TCP-IP.
TCP-IP is a protocol for sending and receiving blocks of data.
Each side (sender and receiver) has its own datareach. If a block with a number fits in this reach, then that block can be stored. When the first block of the reach is get correctly than the whole shift one further.
There are 5 types of hosting addresses used by TCP-IP
Class A: 1-7 NW,8-31 HOST, first bit is 0
Class B: 2-15 NW, 16-31 HOST, first bit is 1 and second bit is 0
Class C: 3-23 NW, 24-31 Host, first bits 110
Class D: is for multicasting, first bits 1110
Class E: is reserved for future, first bits 0000


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Virtual class in C++

A virtual class or function can be used where in the OO environment more than 1 of the same class or function does exist in the inheritance path.
virtual means: take the first one (top level)


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Markup languages

HTML
This pages are written in HTML version 4xxx
In html we can use style sheets called CascadeStyleSheets
An abbreviation of this is CSS2 (version 2)
Links for HTML reference and tutors
A favourite link for dutch and South African is: Johannes Kruger
A site for learning html:Lycos webmonkey
Links voor HTML checkers
Links voor CSS checkers
Help fix my pc
HTML uses the SGML protocol with pre-defined DTD.

XML
XML stands for Extensible Markup Language.
It can be used to make pages and transport data.
Difficulty to learn XML: ****** +++
XML uses the SGML protocol with flexible DTD.


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Scripting languages

Javascript
Javascript can be sent in HTML pages and runs on the client side.
The script is interpreted by the browser, so to make pages more flexible.
Difficulty to learn Javascript: **** +++

PHP
PHP stands for the pre-processor for HTML Pages
The pre-processor runs at the server side, while javascript runs at the client side.
It is a language that looks like javascript / C++ and can Object Oriented programming is also supported.
Difficulty to learn PHP: ***** +++
List of Codes

Perl
Perl is an scripting language which also can produce executable code
It is a language that looks like javascript / C++ and can Object Oriented programming is also supported.
Difficulty to learn Perl: ***** +++
List of Codes


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Text conversion in C++

Frequently used functions in C
File functions
fopen to open a file
fclose to close a file
fscanf to read from a file
fgets to read lines from a file
fprintf to write to a file
You better not use function to read characters, because of some systems that sometimes would fail.
String functions
strcmp compare strings
strcat concatenate strings
strstr search in strings
Memory functions
malloc to allocate memory (in C++ also done with new)
free to free memory (in C++ also done with delete)

Algorithms for text conversions
A strong recommendation to use C for text conversion is its strong use pointers.
A pointer points to a memory location where something is located.

Examples for pointers in textconversions
s = &s+4 cuts 4 characters from s
Keep always the original pointer. When s is large and you use malloc, s has to been freed at the same address.


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RTF to HTML conversion

Version 1.0.1 is available
it converts RTF Text to HTML
with:
BOLD,ITALIC,UNDERLINE conversion
TABLE conversion
Works with standard RTF and RTF made with WORD

Contact me by email if you want know more Click here


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Oracle

Here is something about Oracle which I worked with together with VeraStream.
Oracle seems to exist with forward pointed linked lists. (See C language)
With this problem it is difficult to query (pure SQL) around and then want to have the last record or the previous records.
This problem can be solved with several options.

How to create a user?
Create User x1 IDENTIFIES BY x2
x1 = Name, x2 = Password

How to set rights to a user:
(GRANT/REVOKE) x1 (FROM/TO) x2
x1 = rights to set, x2 = users

How to deal with contraints on a table?
ALTER TABLE x1 (DISABLE/ENABLE) (PRIMAIRY KEY "Cascade" / Constraint x2)
x1 = Name of the table, x2 = Name of the constraint


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Query languages

SQL
SQL stands for Structured Query Language and can be used to query though a database.
The basic query is in its form:
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE ...
Behind the SELECT statement forms the output
Behind the FROM statement stands where the information must come from
Behind the WHERE statement comes the conditions (expressions)

Outerjoin: List all elements inclusive elements assigned as null. In SQL the (+) sign is used for that purposes.

Regular expressions
With regular expresions you can query throught text
Simple text search is mostly done by searching a word, with regular expressions you can search for more words or sentences or else.


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Expressions

Comparison
C like used by: C, C++, java, javascript, php
SQL like used by: SQL
Basic like used by: Visual Basic, 8051-basic, Citect

Table of operators used to compare expressions
...	C like	SQL like	Basic like
Equal	==	==	=
Not equal	!=	!= or =	<>
Greater then	>	>	>
Greater or equal then	>=	>=	>=
Lesser then	<	<	<
Lesser or equal then	<=	<=	<=
Logical AND	&&	&& or AND	OR
Logical OR	\|\|	\|\| or OR	AND


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Statements

Comparison
C like used by: C, C++, java, javascript, php
Basic: 8051-basic, GW-Basic, Citect

Table of operators used to compare expressions
...	C like	BASIC	VeraStream	MS-DOS batch	C-shell
PRINT to stdout	printf	PRINT	x	echo	echo
SET variables	by =	LET or by =	SET	SET	by =
ASK variables	scanf	INPUT	x1	x	x

x = not implemented
x1 = through GUI


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Reserved words

C and C++

Extra words for C++ are in boldface
asm	do	if	return	typedef
auto	double	inline	short	typeid
bool	dynamic_cast	int	signed	typename
break	else	long	sizeof	union
case	enum	mutable	static	unsigned
catch	explicit	namespace	static_cast	using
char	export	new	struct	virtual
class	extern	operator	switch	void
const	false	private	template	volatile
const_cast	float	protected	this	wchar_t
continue	for	public	throw	while
default	friend	register	true
delete	goto	reinterpret_cast	try

Further C and C++ has a lot of inside functions

Basic

ABS	AND	ASC	ATN
AUTO	BAUD	BYE	CALL
CDBL	CHAIN	CHR$	CINT
CLEAR	CLOAD	CLOSE	COMMON
CONT	COS	CSAVE	CSNG
CURSOR	CVD	CVI	CVS
DATA	DEF	DEFDBL	DEFINT
DEFSNG	DEFSTR	DELETE	DIM
EDIT	ELSE	END	EOF
ERASE	ERS	ERR	ERROR
EXP	FIELD	FILES	FIX
FN	FOR	FRE	GET
GO TO	GOSUB	GOTO	HEX$
IF	IMP	INKEY$	INP
INPUT	INSTR	INT	KILL
LEFT$	LEN	LET	LINE
LIST	LLIST	LOAD	LOC
LOF	LOG	LPOS	LPRINT
LSET	MERGE	MID$	MKD$
MKI$	MKS$	MOD	NAME
NEW	NEXT	NOT	NULL
OKT$	ON	OPEN	OPTION
OR	OUT	PEEK	POKE
READ	REM	RENUM	RESET
RESTORE	RESUME	RETURN	RIGHT$
RND	RSET	RUN	SAVE
SERIAL	SGN	SIN	SPACE$
SPC()	SQR	STEP	STOP
STR$	STRING$	SWAP	SYSTEM
TAB()	TAN	THEN	TO
TROFF	TRON	USING	USR
VAL	VARPTR	WAIT	WEND
WHILE	WIDTH	WRITE	XOR

Citect

AND	DO	FOR	WHILE
IF	THEN	ELSE	SELECT
CASE	END	FUNCTION	PRIVATE
INT	REAL	STRING	MODULE
GLOBAL	OR	BITAND	BITOR

Further Citect has a lot of inside functions

Javascript

abstract	boolean	break	byte	case
catch	char	class	const	continue
debugger	default	delete	do	double
else	enum	export	extends	false
final	finally	float	for	function
goto	if	implements	import	in
instanceof	int	interface	long	native
new	null	package	private	protected
public	return	short	static	super
switch	synchronized	this	throw	throws
transient	true	try	typeof	var
void	volatile	while	with

Further Javascript has a lot of inside functions

PHP

and	break	case	class	continue
default	do	else	elseif	empty()
endfor	endif	endswitch	endwhile	E_ALL
E_PARSE	E_ERROR	E_WARNING	extends	FALSE
for	foreach	function	if	include()
include_once()	global	list()	new	not
or	PHP_OS	PHP_VERSION	require()	require_once()
return	static	switch	this	TRUE
var	xor	virtual()	while	__FILE__
__LINE__

Further PHP has a lot of inside functions


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Free programming software

C compilers for Windows
Use: Digital Mars compiler (Stable)
Use: LCC compiler (not commercial use, Stable)
Use: Dev C++
Use: Open Watcom (GNU)
Use: GCC compiler together with Cygwin or Mingw or Scons

For C compiling only you need a compiler
For Visual Express C++ you need the build-in compiler or scons (scons-2.2.0-setup.exe)
With GCC and Scons together you can crosscompile to other environments
Crosscompiling to 8051 can be done with SDCC (sdcc-3.2.0a-setup.exe)
C# compilers for Windows
Download .NET from MicroSoft
Use: Sharpdeveloper
Java compilers for Windows
Download java kit from Sun Microsystems
Use: Eclipse
Database
Use: HSQL
Use: PostgreSQL
Use: MySQL
WebServer
Use: Lighttpd
Use: Apache
Use: IIS (windows included)
Today there are much small http servers, checkit on the web
My favourite is now lighttpd - with such a small footprint, probably I made the biggest mod ever for lighttpd.


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UML

UML
UML is a graphical language which describes the behaviour of something
Something could be; hardware, software and many more
A favourite place to discover is ArgoUML which runs under Java


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GTK

GTK
GTK stands for GIMP Tool Kit
You can program GTK with Visual Express C++ as descripted below
--- WIP ---
1. Install GTK RunTime, otherwise you cannot run the program, I used: gtk2-runtime-2.24.8-2011-12-03-ash.exe
2. Install GTK Development package, I used: gtk-dev-2.12.9-win32-2.exe
3. Make a new console project with Visual Express C++
4. Project - Change properties

Changing the project properties

1. Common Properties - References: C:\GTK\Win32\lib

2. Configuration Properties - C++ - Additional Include Directories: "C:\GTK\include\gtk-2.0";"C:\GTK\include\glib-2.0";"C:\GTK\lib\glib-2.0\include";"C:\GTK\lib\gtk-2.0\include";C:\GTK\include\cairo;"C:\GTK\include\pango-1.0";"C:\GTK\include\atk-1.0"

3. CP - Code Generation: Align 8 bit

4. CP - Code Generation: Precompiled headers: no

5. CP - Advanced: Compiled as C code

6. Linker - General - Enabled Incremental Linking: Default
7. Linker - General - Additional Library Directories: C:\GTK\lib
8. Linker - General - Used Dependency Inputs: Yes

9. Linker - Input - Additional Dependencies: kernel32.lib glib-2.0.lib gtk-win32-2.0.lib gobject-2.0.lib gdk-win32-2.0.lib $(NOINHERIT)

10. Linker - System - Subsystem: Console
11. Linker - Advanced - Entry Point: main

Command line looks like:

/OUT:"C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\My Documents\Visual Studio 2005\Projects\gtk_test01\Debug\gtk_test01.exe" /NOLOGO /LIBPATH:"C:\GTK\lib" /MANIFEST /MANIFESTFILE:"Debug\gtk_test01.exe.intermediate.manifest" /DEBUG /ASSEMBLYDEBUG /PDB:"c:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\My Documents\Visual Studio 2005\Projects\gtk_test01\debug\gtk_test01.pdb" /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE /ENTRY:"main" /MACHINE:X86 /ERRORREPORT:PROMPT kernel32.lib glib-2.0.lib gtk-win32-2.0.lib gobject-2.0.lib gdk-win32-2.0.lib

Example program with some comment:

// gtk_test01.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//
#include "stdafx.h"

#include 
#include 


gint eindeapp(GtkWidget *widget,gpointer data)
{
	g_message("ended\n");
	gtk_main_quit();
	return (FALSE);
}
// int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) - as console
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
	/* *1
	g_message("Here is a message\n");
	*/
	

	GtkWidget *window;
	gtk_disable_setlocale (); 
	argc = 1; // Helps to avoid below function ends - Windows makes an error
	if (gtk_init_check(&argc,(char ***)&argv)==FALSE)
	{
		g_message("Cannot open display\n");
		getchar();
		return 0;
	}
	// gtk_init_abi_check (&argc, &argv, 1, sizeof (GtkWindow), sizeof (GtkBox));
	window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
	gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "test window");
	gtk_signal_connect(GTK_OBJECT(window),"delete_event",GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC(eindeapp),NULL);
	gtk_widget_show(window);
	gtk_main();
	return 0;
}


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Gratis teller

Available own software BTag text conversion RTF to HTML conversion

More about differences in C++ for C programmers

Available own software
BTag text conversion
RTF to HTML conversion